As a national-level institution specialized in environment and health, the National Institute of Environmental Health (NIEH) serves as a national technical guidance center for environmental and health operations. NIEH, established in 2002, is a legal entity directly under the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC). Under the leaderships of the National Health Commission of the PRC and China CDC, NIEH owns the functional characters featured with the integration of four aspects, including disease control, emergency response, scientific research and education. NIEH dedicates to prevention and control of environmental pollution-related diseases, population health promotion, carrying out investigation, surveillance and scientific research on population exposure, health effects and health impacts of environmental risk factors, as well as disinfection and infection prevention. Moreover, NIEH plays a significant role in providing scientific and technical supports for the enactment of laws, regulations, policies, standards, specifications and plans, etc., related to environmental health as well as disinfection and infection control in China.